After a decades-long research hiatus, psychedelics have been investigated as potentially effective treatments for several mental disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) anxiety, and depression secondary to a life-threatening illness social anxiety in autistic adults obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) depression and suicidal ideation. The recent resurgence of clinical interest in the use of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders is evidenced by a sharp increase in studies and publications. Comparable therapeutic processes included insights, altered self-perception, increased connectedness, transcendental experiences, and an expanded emotional spectrum, which patients reported contributed to clinically and personally relevant responses. While the included compounds were heterogeneous in pharmacology and treatment contexts, patients reported largely comparable experiences across disorders, which included phenomenological analogous effects, perspectives on the intervention, therapeutic processes and treatment outcomes. Disorders included anxiety, depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. Substances included psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ibogaine, ayahuasca, ketamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Studies exhibited a broad heterogeneity in terms of substance, mental disorder, treatment context, and qualitative methodology. Fifteen research articles, comprising 178 patient experiences, were included.
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